Last week I got my annual statement in the mail from the Social Security administration that listed my contributions for 2008. I was disgusted by the number! When thinking about alternative uses for that money my mind races with possibilities. That is MY MONEY and at the end of it all I will probably never get one dime of my contributions back.
Through no decision of my own I spend more on SS than I spend on my own children. I involuntarily spend more on Social Security than on anything else except for housing. I wish I had the option of not paying into Social Security in exchange for not receiving any future benefits. Alas that will not happen any time soon as our government has too much invested politically in intergenerational Ponzi schemes (the fact that SS is a Ponzi scheme is a future post in and of itself).
My SS statement got me thinking about the larger problem of funding entitlements. Most people don’t realize how large benefits expenditures are. Social Security comprises 20.9% and Medicare / Medicaid comprises 20.4% of the entire federal budget. In comparison, total military spending accounts for 20.1% of the federal budget. Just at the federal level we are spending twice as much on entitlement programs as we are on military expenditures. Let that sink in. 2/5 of our federal expenditures are going to entitlements. As the Baby Boomer generation nears retirement the proportion of federal spending that goes to entitlements is going to increase a bit.
In the late 1990’s / early 2000’s we had a massive stock bubble. Then we had a real estate and credit bubble. European investors inflated an emerging markets bubble. In 2007-2008 we had an oil and commodity bubble. As all of these bubbles fade away it is clear that we still have a massive bubble to lance, far larger than all other bubbles: entitlements. The entitlement bubble has existed since the New Deal but the magnitude of the problem has grown ever larger since.
Simply put, we have too many people receiving too many entitlements. Our federal, state, and local governments have made promises that they will not be able to keep for too much longer. The situation is unsustainable and the entitlement bubble problem is becoming more obvious as our economy slumps further.
Demography exacerbates the entitlement funding problem. The people who are or soon will be receiving entitlements didn’t have enough children.
The entitlement bubble grows differently from other bubbles in a key way: it is funded not by voluntary market participants but by involuntary taxes. Stock, real estate, and other market-based bubble participants have to pony up their own cash (or borrowed cash they they are responsible for) to keep the bubble growing. Recipients of the entitlement bubble can vote to inflate the bubble further and it doesn’t directly cost them anything.
And that is the crux of the problem. Politicians have a very strong incentive to expand or at least maintain the entitlement bubble because entitlement recipients vote in large proportions and they tend to vote with their wallets. Many politicians see the problem but they don’t dare try to scale back the entitlements for fear of backlash at the next election.
Social Security is going to start running in the red in 2017, or perhaps a bit earlier due to the recession we are in. [Many people claim that SS will be solvent until 2041 or so due to the "trust fund"- but you must understand that our federal government has spent every single cent of the "trust fund"]. Obama says that he is going to reform entitlement programs but I am extremely skeptical. We shall see.
Many individual states are running into entitlement funding problems for their own employees, so this is not just a federal government problem.
I see no magic way out of this problem. There are just too many wards of the state and too few productive people to support them. Promises will need to be broken. Any way you dice it taxes will go up and entitlement payouts will decline. There will be changes to entitlement adjustment formulas. Means testing will be introduced. Taxes will one way or another rise. They will probably be called “fees” or something that doesn’t sound as harsh. Entitlement recipients will wail and cry and try to convince you that the world is about to end.
Ideally programs like Social Security would just be gradually phased out of existence but I don’t see any politician with the nerve to even hint at that. Somehow we got along just fine before Social Security, Medicare, and the like were introduced and we will be fine without them. I think there are two main solutions to get by without Social Security:
- able-bodied and minded people with insufficient savings shouldn’t retire, at least not fully
- families (children in particular) should pick up a greater portion of the care and cost of elderly relatives
People do not like to consider these options but sometime in the not too distant future reality will intrude. We will be better off without these massive entitlement programs. Think of all the alternative uses for the capital that goes to entitlements!